![\"\"](\"http:\/\/m.ammoth.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/1973_may-5.jpg\" "\\"1973_may-5\\"")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
In “Atchafalaya”<\/a> — our Mississippi floods ur-text, from The Control of Nature<\/a>, John McPhee writes:<\/p>\n “Every shopping center, every drainage improvement, every square foot of new pavement in nearly half the United States was accelerating runoff toward Louisiana. Streams were being channelized to drain swamps. Meanders were cut off to speed up flow. The valley\u2019s natural storage capacities were everywhere reduced. As contributing factors grew, the river delivered more flood for less rain. The precipitation that produced the great flood of 1973 was only about twenty per cent above normal. Yet the crest at St. Louis was the highest ever recorded there. The flood proved that control of the Mississippi was as much a hope for the future as control of the Mississippi had ever been. The 1973 high water did not come close to being a Project Flood. It merely came close to wiping out the project.<\/p>\n While the control structure at Old River was shaking, more than a third of the Mississippi was going down the Atchafalaya. If the structure had toppled, the flow would have risen to seventy per cent. It was enough to scare not only a Louisiana State University professor but the division commander himself. At the time, this was Major General Charles Noble. He walked the bridge, looked down into the exploding water, and later wrote these words: \u201cThe south training wall on the Mississippi River side of the structure failed very early in the flood, causing violent eddy patterns and extreme turbulence. The toppled training wall monoliths worsened the situation. The integrity of the structure at this point was greatly in doubt. It was frightening to stand above the gate bays and experience the punishing vibrations caused by the violently turbulent, massive flood waters.\u201d<\/p>\n If the General had known what was below him, he might have sounded retreat. The Old River Control Structure\u2014this two-hundred-thousand-ton keystone of the comprehensive flood-protection project for the lower Mississippi Valley\u2014was teetering on steel pilings above extensive cavities full of water. The gates of the Morganza Floodway, thirty miles downstream, had never been opened. The soybean farmers of Morganza were begging the Corps not to open them now. The Corps thought it over for a few days while the Old River Control Structure, absorbing shock of the sort that could bring down a skyscraper, continued to shake. Relieving some of the pressure, the Corps opened Morganza.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n We’ll return to the Old River Control soon.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" [You may recall that our posting on floods began with an image quite like the two above.\u00a0 That first image was, like these two, a false-color satellite image of the open Morganza Spillway; but where the first image was taken in May, the two above were taken on May 5, 1973 and April 6, 1977 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[594,3],"tags":[604,606,605,591],"class_list":["post-4914","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-floods","category-landscape","tag-604","tag-anthropogenically-accelerated-erosion","tag-john-mcphee","tag-mississippi-river"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/m.ammoth.us\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4914","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/m.ammoth.us\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/m.ammoth.us\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/m.ammoth.us\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/m.ammoth.us\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4914"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/m.ammoth.us\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4914\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4945,"href":"http:\/\/m.ammoth.us\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4914\/revisions\/4945"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/m.ammoth.us\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4914"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/m.ammoth.us\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4914"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/m.ammoth.us\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4914"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"http:\/\/m.ammoth.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/1973_april-6.jpg\" "\\"1973_april-6\\"")
\n[You may recall that our posting on floods began with an image<\/a> quite like the two above.\u00a0 That first image was, like these two, a false-color satellite image of the open Morganza Spillway; but where the first image was taken in May, the two above<\/a> were taken on May 5, 1973 and April 6, 1977 (respectively) — May 5, 1973 being only other time that the Morganza Spillway has been opened.\u00a0 In 1973, intense flooding on the lower Mississippi threatened to overwhelm the Old River Control Structure<\/a> (as well as downriver levees), and the Spillway was opened.]<\/em><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/m.ammoth.us\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/1973_morganza.jpg\" "\\"1973_morganza\\"")
\n[Aerial view<\/a> of the opened spillway, May 1973.]
\n<\/em><\/p>\n
![Aerial view<\/a> of the opened spillway, May 1973.]\n<\/em><\/p>\nIn “Atchafalaya”<\/a> — our Mississippi floods ur-text, from The Control of Nature<\/a>, John McPhee writes:<\/p>\n“Every shopping center, every drainage improvement, every square foot of new pavement in nearly half the United States was accelerating runoff toward Louisiana. Streams were being channelized to drain swamps. Meanders were cut off to speed up flow. The valley\u2019s natural storage capacities were everywhere reduced. As contributing factors grew, the river delivered more flood for less rain. The precipitation that produced the great flood of 1973 was only about twenty per cent above normal. Yet the crest at St. Louis was the highest ever recorded there. The flood proved that control of the Mississippi was as much a hope for the future as control of the Mississippi had ever been. The 1973 high water did not come close to being a Project Flood. It merely came close to wiping out the project.<\/p>\nWhile the control structure at Old River was shaking, more than a third of the Mississippi was going down the Atchafalaya. If the structure had toppled, the flow would have risen to seventy per cent. It was enough to scare not only a Louisiana State University professor but the division commander himself. At the time, this was Major General Charles Noble. He walked the bridge, looked down into the exploding water, and later wrote these words: \u201cThe south training wall on the Mississippi River side of the structure failed very early in the flood, causing violent eddy patterns and extreme turbulence. The toppled training wall monoliths worsened the situation. The integrity of the structure at this point was greatly in doubt. It was frightening to stand above the gate bays and experience the punishing vibrations caused by the violently turbulent, massive flood waters.\u201d<\/p>\nIf the General had known what was below him, he might have sounded retreat. The Old River Control Structure\u2014this two-hundred-thousand-ton keystone of the comprehensive flood-protection project for the lower Mississippi Valley\u2014was teetering on steel pilings above extensive cavities full of water. The gates of the Morganza Floodway, thirty miles downstream, had never been opened. The soybean farmers of Morganza were begging the Corps not to open them now. The Corps thought it over for a few days while the Old River Control Structure, absorbing shock of the sort that could bring down a skyscraper, continued to shake. Relieving some of the pressure, the Corps opened Morganza.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\nWe’ll return to the Old River Control soon.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"[You may recall that our posting on floods began with an image quite like the two above.\u00a0 That first image was, like these two, a false-color satellite image of the open Morganza Spillway; but where the first image was taken in May, the two above were taken on May 5, 1973 and April 6, 1977 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[594,3],"tags":[604,606,605,591],"class_list":["post-4914","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-floods","category-landscape","tag-604","tag-anthropogenically-accelerated-erosion","tag-john-mcphee","tag-mississippi-river"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/m.ammoth.us\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4914","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/m.ammoth.us\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/m.ammoth.us\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/m.ammoth.us\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/m.ammoth.us\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4914"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/m.ammoth.us\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4914\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4945,"href":"http:\/\/m.ammoth.us\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4914\/revisions\/4945"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/m.ammoth.us\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4914"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/m.ammoth.us\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4914"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/m.ammoth.us\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4914"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}](\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Morganza_Spillway_Aerial.jpg\"){kind=link}